Computer Memory is like a human brain. It is used to store data in the form of bits 0 and 1. The computer memory is divided into a large number of small parts known as cells. Each location or cell has a unique address, which varies from zero to memory size minus one.
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Basically Four Type of Computer Memory -
- Register memory
- Cache memory
- Primary memory
- Secondary memory
Register memory is the fastest memory in a computer. Main Memory located in the CPU in the form of registers, which are the smallest data holding elements. Registers hold a small amount of data around 32 bits to 64 bits.
The speed of a CPU depends on the number and size of registers that are built into the CPU.
Cache memory is the fastest memory. It acts as a buffer, between the main memory and CPU. It is used to hold those parts of data and program which are most frequently used by the CPU.
Advantages
Advantages of cache memory -
- Cache Memory is the fastest memory compare to the main memory.
- It consumes less time compared to the main memory.
- It stores data for temporary use.
Disadvantages
Disadvantages of cache memory -
- It is very expensive.
- Cache Memory has limited capacity.
Primary Memory
Primary memory holds only those data when the computer is currently ON, once the computer is switched OFF then the data is lost. This memory is not fast as compared to the registers. Primary Memory also Known as Main Memory.
Primary Memory divided into two category -
1) RAM (Random Acess Memory)
2) ROM (Read Only Memory)
Characteristics of Primary Memory -
- Primary Memory is fastest than secondary memory.
- It is the working memory of a computer when the computer is ON.
- These Memories are semiconductor memories.
- Primary memory is also known as Main Memory.
- It's volatile Memory.
- Data is lost when power is switched off.
- The computer cannot run without primary memory.
Secondary memory
Secondary memory is also known as external memory. Secondary memory provides features of being non-volatile, it means hold data with electrical supply or without electrical supply. secondary memory is slower than comparing to primary memory. The data of secondary memories are transferred to primary memory (main memory) first, and then the CPU can access data.
example of secondary memory - CD -ROM, DVD, Hard Disk, Floppy Disk, Magnetic Tapes.
Characteristics of Secondary Memory -
- Secondary memory is slower than primary memory.
- It is also known as backup memory.
- It's Non-volatile Memory.
- Computer may run without secondary memory.
- It use to store of data in computer.
- These memory are magnetic and optical memory.
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